Investment Advice

The Cost of Greed: When Genius Failed Review

Published

3 years ago

August 1, 2020

In the early 1990s, Wall Street was recovering from a giant treasury bond scandal at Solomon Brothers. John Meriwether, a former Solomon trader, set out to create one of the largest and most exclusive hedge funds the world had ever seen. Using mathematical arbitrage strategies, he had developed over the years, Meriwether became one of the most successful bond traders on Wall Street.

The Genius Assembly

In setting up his fund – dubbed Long Term Capital Management – Meriwether recruited colleagues from his days at Solomon. Many held prestigious PHDs, and Meriwether even recruited professors from MIT’s most advanced programs. The fund’s thesis was simple. With the use of complex mathematical models, Long-Term could take advantage of thousands of daily price discrepancies and beat the market by miles.

The group’s reputation for being analytical geniuses allowed them to raise money from Wall Street’s largest banks and some of the world’s wealthiest individuals in what was the biggest hedge fund startup of all time. Within their first year Long-Term had raised $1.25 billion from the Bank of Taiwan, the Bank of Italy, and even private investors such as Phil Knight, the founder of Nike.

Formative Years

The fund’s first years of operation did not disappoint. In 1994, the fund appreciated by 28%, and in 1995 they produced an even more impressive 59% gain, far exceeding the returns of any other fund at the time. The primary factor in the fund’s performance was not so much the mathematical models used by the fund but rather their excessive use of leverage.

Because the arbitrage strategies involved taking advantage of small discrepancies in bond spreads the fund had to use an increasing amount of leverage to earn such high returns. By 1996, two years after the start of the fund, Long-Term was leveraged over 30 to 1.

Nonetheless, the fund consistently outperformed form 1994-1997 leading the members of the fund to be convinced they were invincible. The increasing capital and the continuous outperformance pushed the traders beyond the boundaries of bond arbitrage that had served them so well in the past and soon began trading in junk bond and equity arbitrage through the use of complex derivatives.

Because of SEC regulations, a hedge fund can only have so much leverage when trading in equities. To get around this rule, the fund would use leverage to purchase derivatives directly tied to the value of a stock without actually owning any stock certificates (a practice that many funds continue to use today).

As happens too often, the unending success of Long-Terms traders made them blind to the hubris that was starting to take over their fund.

Downfall

In 1998, the fund began to make increasingly risky bets such as buying put options on tech companies such as Microsoft and Dell, as well as bets on Russian bonds. One of Long-Term’s traders, Larry Hilibrand, even shorted Berkshire Hathaway thinking it was over-valued. The year proceeded with a series of unpredictable events causing panic throughout the financial markets.

Rumors of Russia defaulting, compounded with an announcement from President Clinton about his affair with Monica Lewinsky, caused investors to pile into treasury bonds and abandon their positions in Russian debt, driving markets down severely.

The combination of all these events caused Long-Term’s capital to fall dramatically in the latter part of 1998, and by late August the fund was down 84% from the beginning of the year.

The fall in the fund’s capital caused panic to spread throughout the fund’s members, who in turn attempted to withdraw their money. Additionally, Wall Street banks, to whom Long-Term still owed billions, were calling for payments which the fund could barely make.

In order to meet capital calls, Long-Term began reaching out to outside investors asking for funding. After numerous rejections, they resorted to calling George Soros and even Warren Buffett asking if they were interested in investing.

Deal after deal fell through until the day came when only one institution in the world would bail them out: The Fed. Because so many banks on Wall Street were tied to Long-Term through either leverage or derivative contracts, the Fed felt that they had no other choice but to bail out the fund.

The Cost of Greed

By the end of 1998 almost all the investors of Long-Term Capital Management had their investments wiped out and the fund’s employees were all out of a job. The easy money that comes too often on Wall Street caused the fund to get overwhelmed by their success and push themselves into positions that over time could only lead to downfall.

Time and again speculative behavior on Wall Street has brought down some of the world’s largest institutions. From the fall of Long-Term Capital Management in 1998 to the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers 10 years later, the greed of speculators repeats itself. Interestingly, both of these firms turned to Warren Buffett’s Berkshire Hathaway during the wake of their downfall.

The Lesson

Perhaps the greatest lesson to learn is that the value investing approach is immune to speculation and overtime speculators will always be turning to true investors to save them. The virtues of patience and rationality that are central to successful investing continue to be proven true with every Wall Street collapse.

Roger Lowenstein has time and again proven his superior ability to recount Wall Street’s most tumultuous events. When Genius Failed shows us the hubris and greed that overtook some of the world’s most intelligent people, which included MIT PHDs and Nobel Prize winners.

We see first-hand through Lowenstein’s writing how these hyper intellects went from running one of the world largest investment funds to scrambling for jobs and trying to avoid bankruptcy. When Genius Failed teaches us one of the most important laws of investing: no amount of intelligence can protect oneself from the emotions and greed frequently found on Wall Street.

Author Bio: William Douthat is the managing partner of Olympus Wealth Management, a Tulsa based investment fund. He’s been a licensed investment advisor since 2018 and has a bachelors in finance from the University of Oklahoma.

Read more great articles at Vintage Value Investing.

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By: Guest Contributor
Title: The Cost of Greed: When Genius Failed Review
Sourced From: www.vintagevalueinvesting.com/the-cost-of-greed-when-genius-failed-review/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=the-cost-of-greed-when-genius-failed-review
Published Date: Sat, 01 Aug 2020 07:39:12 +0000

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Investment Advice

Are These Marijuana Stocks Built For Long Or Short Term Success?

Published

2 years ago

February 11, 2021

getinvestmentadvise99

Would You Invest In These Marijuana Stocks In 2021?

For the last several month’s investors have found a renewed interest in marijuana stocks. From mid-2020 to currently in 2021 cannabis stocks have been on the move. Many pot stocks from various niches have been rising in the market. Some marijuana stocks have not only reported record earnings but some have seen back-to-back all-time highs. With the amount of money being invested with the hopes of federal cannabis reform, people are trying to jump on board before the boat leaves the dock.

The cannabis sector as a whole has been on fire. Many companies in the cannabis industry have been preparing for what’s next to come. Meaning most cannabis companies are making operational adjustments to be able to adapt to the future of the cannabis industry. For example, 2 big-time cannabis companies both teamed up to make the biggest cannabis company on earth. Tilray Inc. and Aphria Inc. joined forces which have helped both companies market performance to a degree.

As well other companies have taken notice and may follow the same path. A lot is changing for the cannabis industry between legislation, more states going legal, and new regulations. All these variables play a factor in how this sentiment impacts the market. With more positive sentiment taking hold of the market is reflects in how well some marijuana stocks trade.

So far in 2021 cannabis stocks are moving up and seeing overall bigger gains. For this reason, many new and seasoned investors are looking to get involved and make some money. The cannabis industry is one of the fastest-growing markets in the world that is continuously expanding. The 2 cannabis stocks below are examples of when the sector is trending it resonates well with how marijuana stocks can or will trade.

Pot Stock Watch List This Month

Green Lane Holdigns Inc. (NASDAQ:GNLN)
Liberty Health Sciences Inc. (OTC:LHSIF)

Green Lane Holdigns Inc.

Green Lane Holdigns Inc. has been of the many marijuana stocks trying to climb higher in a volatile market. Back in 202 GNLN stock saw its price fluctuate quite often. This price fluctuation allowed for good entry points before GNLN stock had a spike in trading. Like many marijuana stocks, 2021 gave the cannabis market a nice push to start the new year. With Green Lane 2021 was no different.

In the first 2 weeks of the new year, GNLN stock shot up 25 percent in trading as it was starting to dip from this point. Even though Green Lane closed out the first month of the new year with a drop from previous highs in January the following month was a different story. Currently GNLN stock in February has been able to recover from January’s dip.

The company has been able to even reach higher highs than last month. Within the first trading week of February, GNLN stock saw gains of 27 percent. This was a much-needed momentum booster to help the company recover from its trading at the close of January. So far for in February GNLN stock has had a nice upward push in the market showing over 60 percent gains in trading. This current momentum has signaled to investors that Green Lane may be a marijuana stock to watch in 2021.

[Read More]

Liberty Health Sciences Inc.

Liberty Health Sciences Inc. has been an interesting cannabis stock to watch. Like many other cannabis businesses, it’s going to take more than a pandemic to stop the company from expanding. Back in January, the company announced that it will be opening a new location adding to its current portfolio of dispensaries. The Company plans to open two more dispensaries by the end of February 2021 with much more in the works.

Although in 2020 LHSIF stock traded mostly sideways with subtle spikes in trading the new year has provided a strong push in trading. Starting from December 21st LHSIF stock started to bounce and began to climb in the market. From the 21st to the 31st of December LHSIF stock shot up 90 percent. For those who held their position until this point, they made a healthy return on their investment. Pushing into the new year the company was able to sustain its market momentum and keep pushing up in the market.

In the first 14 days of trading of the new year LHSIF stock has a 13 percent increase in trading. The remainder of January’s trading resulted in a small dip. Yet overall gains for the first month of 2021 for LHSIF stock was an increase of 8 percent. This was a subtle push that helped the company sustain its current market position. Now that we have entered February LHSIF has continued to trade up in the market. Currently for the month of February LHSIF stock is up over 25 percent. If the company can continue this momentum it would intrigue more people to keep an eye on this marijuana stock.

The post Are These Marijuana Stocks Built For Long Or Short Term Success? appeared first on Marijuana Stocks | Cannabis Investments and News. Roots of a Budding Industry.™.

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By: Daniel Chase
Title: Are These Marijuana Stocks Built For Long Or Short Term Success?
Sourced From: marijuanastocks.com/are-these-marijuana-stocks-built-for-long-or-short-term-success/
Published Date: Thu, 11 Feb 2021 13:30:07 +0000

Did you miss our previous article…
https://getinvestmentadvise.com/investment-advice/price-to-earnings-ratio-defined-p-e-ratio-formula/

Investment Advice

Price to Earnings Ratio Defined (P/E Ratio Formula)

Published

2 years ago

February 11, 2021

getinvestmentadvise99

Trying your hand at the stock market? Chances are, you’ve come across the term “P/E ratio”. If you’re like many who are new to the stock market, you’ve looked at this phrase and asked yourself, “What in the world is that?”

P/E ratio, otherwise known as the price-to-earnings ratio, is a formula that investors use to determine the value of a company’s share. It is one of the most common formulas used to determine the value of a stock. The formula compares the price of a company’s share to the earnings per share (EPS) of the company in order to determine how much an investor is paying for $1 of the company’s earnings. Let’s take a deeper dive into the P/E formula. Use the links below to jump ahead to a section of your choosing.

P/E Formula and Calculation
Understanding P/E Ratio
Limitations of the P/E Ratio

P/E Formula and Calculation

First thing’s first: let’s learn the price to earnings ratio formula and how to calculate it. The price-to-earnings ratio formula is as follows: the price of a single share of a company’s stock (What is a stock?), divided by the company’s earnings per share (EPS). The ratio of these two variables will tell you exactly how much an investor is spending for a single dollar of the company’s earnings.

Finding the cost of a company’s stock is extremely simple. In order to find the price of a single share of a company’s stock, all you need to do is enter the company’s stock ticker symbol (the series of characters that represents that company on the stock market) into a finance website, such as investor.gov. You’ll quickly find the current cost for a single share of that company’s stock. Google also keeps an up-to-date Market Summary for the prior day’s stock market, so a quick Google search will often bring exactly the answer you’re looking for.

Determining a company’s earnings per share (EPS) can be a bit trickier. Earnings per share are broken down into 2 categories: trailing earnings and forward earnings. Trailing earnings, often shortened to TTM, are the company’s core earnings over the trailing, or prior, 12 months. This number is the profit that the company has generated over the past 12 months of business. Remember that we’re talking about the net income of a business, rather than the gross income (Need a refresher? Learn more about gross income vs net income.). P/E ratios calculated with trailing earnings are known as the trailing P/E (P/E TTM). Forward earnings, on the other hand, are the predicted earnings that the company will generate over the next 12 months. P/E ratios calculated using forward earnings are known as the forward P/E. Both types of earnings are divided by the total number of public shares on the market in order to generate their EPS. More on this later.

Let’s try out an example. Say you’re looking to determine the trailing P/E of a fictional company AlphaBet Corporation, known on the stock market as ABC. Their share price is currently at $50 per share. Their trailing earnings per share is $5. Divide the $50 per share by the $5 EPS, and you’re left with a P/E of 10. This means that investors are paying $10 for every $1 in earnings per share.

Understanding P/E Ratio

So, ABC has a P/E of 10. What does that mean for you?

In the most general sense, the lower a P/E ratio, the less an investor is paying for each dollar of a company’s earnings per share. A higher P/E ratio means that an investor is paying more per EPS. But, unfortunately, determining which stock to buy isn’t as simple as “look for the lowest P/E ratio”.

It is imperative to remember that everything on the stock market is relative. “Good” and “bad” numbers are different for each and every industry. An electronics company and an automotive company are functioning in two vastly different landscapes. Therefore, in order to determine what is a good price to earnings ratio, you’ll need to understand the landscape of P/E ratios in the industry. Look at similar companies’ P/E ratios to better understand the relative value of your company’s P/E ratio. If ABC’s price-to-earnings ratio seems extremely high as compared to other companies in the industry, it may be an overvalued stock. On the other hand, if it seems extremely low as compared to other companies in the industry, it may be a very valuable stock.

Let’s try another example. We’ve already determined that ABC’s price is $50 per share, earnings are $5 per share, and P/E is 10. A competitor, DOG, also has stock for $50 per share. Their earnings, on the other hand, are $2 per share, making their PE 25 (50/2=25). An investor would pay $10 for every $1 of ABC’s earnings per share, but they’d have to pay $25 for every $1 of DOG’s earnings per share. With a better understanding of the landscape, we can see how ABC sits relative to its competitors.

A company’s price to earnings ratio may also be looked at relative to itself. Remember those two types of earnings we reviewed earlier? We can compare a company’s trailing P/E to their forward P/E to better understand the value of a stock. A company with a high trailing P/E ratio may have been rather unprofitable the prior 12 months because theywere preparing to ramp up business substantially, and took on a number of upfront costs. They may be expecting a boom of profits over the forward 12 months, leaving them with a substantially lower forward P/E. By reviewing these numbers in comparison to each other, we may see an opportunity for a long-term investment.

Limitations of the P/E Ratio

While the price to earnings ratio is certainly one of the most widely used calculations among stock market investors and analysts, it’s not a cut and dry way to determine a good or bad stock. It gives investors a good understanding of the value of stock in a particular moment, but it certainly has its short-comings.

Just as the stock market is relative, it’s also in a constant state of fluctuation. It is re-evaluated and recalculated constantly. Why does this matter when it comes to the price to earnings ratio? Well, just look at the variables we use to determine the P/E ratio.

First, we have the “price” of the price-to-earnings ratio: the cost of a single share of a company’s stock. Stock prices fluctuate every single day based on supply, demand, current events, and more. Typically, the cost of a company’s stock will be reported as the cost that it was when the stock market closed the prior day. Each time a company’s stock price changes, their P/E ratio will change. Certain companies may tend to have a greater fundamental volatility than others, leaving their stock price changing substantially each and every day. Even those with low fundamental volatility experience routine fluctuation.

Next, we have the “earnings” in the price-to-earnings ratio. Both trailing and forward P/E ratios have their limitations. Trailing P/E can feel like the more reliable of the two numbers because it’s based on facts. We take their actual earnings over the prior 12 months into account. But, in many situations, a company’s prior 12 months may have little to do with their next 12 months. As mentioned earlier, a company may have spent heavy the prior 12 months in preparation to ramp up the next 12 months. The trailing P/E won’t show us any of that. The forward P/E, on the other hand, is based on predictions. And predictions are quite educated guesses, but at the end of the day predictions are still guesses. A company may fall short of their predicted earnings or blow completely past them.

Looking to try your hand at the stock market? Don’t go at it alone. Consider opening an investment account with Mint. We believe that there’s no “one-size-fits-all” approach to investment. That’s why we offer a variety of investment partners, suited to each particular need. Let’s find the best to suit yours.

The post Price to Earnings Ratio Defined (P/E Ratio Formula) appeared first on MintLife Blog.

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By: Mint
Title: Price to Earnings Ratio Defined (P/E Ratio Formula)
Sourced From: mint.intuit.com/blog/investing/price-earnings-ratio/
Published Date: Tue, 25 Aug 2020 19:37:02 +0000

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Investment Advice

Will Marijuana Banking Be Apart Of Federal Cannabis Reform?

Published

2 years ago

February 11, 2021

getinvestmentadvise99

The Cannabis Industry VS Financial Institutions

As marijuana stocks and the cannabis industry as a whole awaits federal cannabis reform the sector keeps trending. Now if the U.S. can federally decriminalize cannabis some analysts feel it may cause some cannabis stocks to rally. As well as many new doors will that can open. For one many new markets will look to join the U.S. cannabis industry. Furthermore, with federal cannabis reform, it could be the start of initiating a banking system for the industry.

Currently due to cannabis still being federally illegal banks can not take money from a cannabis-related business. From the time states started going legal, it has been an issue that has yet to be resolved. The cannabis industry is one of the fastest-growing industries in the world, especially in the United States. Politicians have been working to pass various pieces of cannabis legislation.

The one bill that would be beneficial to the industry is known as the SAFE Banking Act. This bill would allow banks to accept money from cannabis-related businesses. On March 7, 2019, the bill was introduced to the U.S. House of Representatives by Ed Perlmutter and was introduced to the Judiciary and Financial Services Committees. Back in 2019, the Financial Services Committee voted 45 to 15 to advance the bill to the full House.

The SAFE Banking Act provisions were included in the HEROES Act COVID-19 relief bill passed in the U.S. House in May 2020. They were again included in a bill approved by the house 214–207 in October. A push to include the SAFE Banking Act provisions in the end-of-year COVID-19 stimulus failed, though hope remained it could pass in 2021 if reintroduced.

How Will The Cannabis Industry Work With Banks

When it comes to any business you can think having startup capital is important. Now not every person with money is willing to invest in a new venture which makes finding that more of a task. Especially with cannabis-related business and right now banks are no help. For a business to acquire a line of credit or some type of lending your business must be able to have some type of financial record.

This usually tells banks and lenders how good you are at paying things back and how reliable you are to do so. The bigger obstacle for cannabis businesses is how do you show you are trustworthy with no credit history. Once again this due to financial institutions not working with cannabis businesses. Let’s look at a few steps to help jump over some red tape.

First, you should start a new business that is a separate company from your personal credit. This will help when it comes time to do your taxes. The second step to take is you need to register for your EIN number. Next thing to do is open a new bank account and make sure you can show that you have continuous income which shows financial stability. Again with banks not accepting cannabis money the last step may be next to impossible to do.

[Read More]

Will Cannabis Banking Actually Happen?

The way financial institutions offer other industries various banking options is not the same for the cannabis industry. Although there is some grey area with cannabis and banks yet most banks won’t offer services for how high risk the industry is. This leaves many cannabis businesses left out from what other traditional retail businesses would have. Look past the risk banks also look at taking cannabis money as to much work. This would result in following regulations and keeping data on all money. This process has been established by the Bank Secrecy Act of 1970. Also, working with the large amounts of cash cannabis businesses generate may affect how a bank can operate.

With this roadblock between banks and cannabis money, it shuns cannabis businesses from establishing a form of credit. This issue alone is why the industry operates only in cash with very few places to keep it. Also, this issue can do much harm to future relationships with other companies and businesses. If a cannabis business can not establish a credit history no lender or bank can help. That’s why it’s important to have an industry as big as cannabis have some form of credit being reported to credit companies. This will tell other lenders and banks that a particular business is profitable enough to pay back any loans.

What Will The Future Of Cannabis Banking Become

It’s wild to think that an industry that is generating a high volume of cash is being blocked from showing the reliability needed to secure lending. Some feel if the cannabis business can earn the trust of financial institutions by being transparent with its earnings. This may be a step to banks feeling more comfortable with working with a cash-intensive business. Hopefully, with federal cannabis reform, it will help push cannabis banking in the direction needed to help out the industry.

The post Will Marijuana Banking Be Apart Of Federal Cannabis Reform? appeared first on Marijuana Stocks | Cannabis Investments and News. Roots of a Budding Industry.™.

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By: J. Phillip
Title: Will Marijuana Banking Be Apart Of Federal Cannabis Reform?
Sourced From: marijuanastocks.com/will-marijuana-banking-be-apart-of-federal-cannabis-reform/
Published Date: Tue, 09 Feb 2021 18:34:56 +0000